General Characteristic

1. Amoeba sp. have no fixed shape.
2. Their shape changes as they move.
3. They have protrusions called pseudopodium used for movement and capturing victims.

Habitat

Amoeba sp. live in water.

Movement

1. Amoebas have protrusions called pseudopodium used for movement and capturing victims.
2. Pseudopodium is an extension of cytoplasm
3. Video below shows how an amoeba move in water.

Reproduction

1. In a favourable environment, Amoebas sp. reproduce through binary fusion.
2. Binary fusion is a process where the cytoplasm of an amoeba divides and form two daughter.
3. Under adverse conditions Amoeba sp. reproduce through spore formation.
4. The spores are protected by cyst walls which resist to heat, cold and dryness.

Feeding

1. Amoeba feeds by a process called phagocytosis.
2. During phagocytosis, amoebas sp engulf a food particle and takes it into its cytoplasm where it forms a food vacuole.
3. Enzymes are added to digest the food, and the nutrients diffuse through the cytoplasm.

1. Unicellular organisms are simple organisms consisting of only one cell.
2. Each cell is a complete unit of life that is able to carry out all the living processes.
3. The main groups of unicellular organisms are 
1. bacteria, 
2. archaea, 
3. protozoa, 
4. unicellular algae and 
5. unicellular fungi.
4. Two important unicellular organisms that you need to know in SPM biology are the Amoeba sp. and Paramecium sp. 

Unicellular and Multicellular Organism

1. In general, organisms are divided into two types: 
1. unicellular organisms
2. multi-cellular organisms.
2. Unicellular organisms are the organism with just 1 cell.
3. Each cell is able to carry out all the functions of life independently.
4. Examples of unicellular organism
1. Paramecium
2. Amoeba
3. Yeast
4. Chlamydomonas
5. Multicellular organisms are the organism made up of more than 1 cell
6. They are larger organisms that contain many different types of cell to carry out different functions of life.
7. The living processes of organisms include
1. Feeding
2. Locomotion
3. Reproduction
4. Respiration
5. Growth
6. Excretion
7. Response to stimuli
8. Heredity

(Paramecium. This file was upload by Barfooz at the English Wikipedia.)

(Yeast)

(Chlamydomonas)

Density of Organelle

1. Density of organelle is refering to the abundance of certain organelles found in a cell.
2. The density of an organelle in a cell is related to the specific function of the cell.
3. Below are examples of high density of certain organelle and their reason.

Cell with high density of chloroplast.

Reason:
To trap sunlight to synthesise carbohydrate during photosynthesis.

Cell with high density of mitochondria

Muscle cells
Reason: Contraction of muscle during movement need a lot energy


Meristem Cells
Reason: Meristem cells in the plant shoots and roots are involved in cell division to produce new cells for growth. It needs a lot of energy for the activities.

Cell with high density of endoplasmic recticulum

Cells in salivary gland
Reason: Active in synthesing and secreting digestive enzyme

Pancreatic Cells
Reason: Active in synthesing and secreting hormone and enzyme

Similarities of Animal Cell and Plant Cell

1. Both animal cells and plant cells have
1. plasma membrane
2. nucleus with nucleic bounded by nuclear membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. ribosome
5. mitochondria
6. golgi apparatus
7. endoplasmic recticulum

Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells

1. Each cell consists of a plasma membrane and protoplasm
2. The protoplasm consist of cytoplasm and nucleus.
3. Cytoplasm contains many types of organelles.
4. The following is the illustration of the animal cell and plant cell.

(Animal Cell)

(Plant Cell)