2.2.2 Polygons II, PT3 Practice

Posted on December 22, 2017 by user

Question 6:
In diagram below, PQRSTU is a regular hexagon QUV is a straight line.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Each interior angle \\ = \frac{(6 - 2) \times 180^{o}}{6} \\ = 120^{o} \\ ∠ P U Q = \frac{180^{o} - 120^{o}}{2} = 30^{o} (△ P U Q is a isosceles triangle) \\ x^{o} = 180^{o} - 30^{o} \\ = 150^{o} \\ x = 150 \end{array}

Question 7:
In diagram below, PQRSTU is a hexagon. UPE, PQF, QRG, RSH and UTJ are straight lines.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Sum of all the exterior angles of any polygon = 360^{o} \\ 25^{o} + 3 x^{o} + 2 x^{o} + 40^{o} + 75^{o} + 55^{o} = 360^{o} \\ 5 x^{o} + 195^{o} = 360^{o} \\ 5 x^{o} = 360^{o} - 195^{o} \\ = 165^{o} \\ x^{o} = 165^{o} \div 5 \\ = 33^{o} \\ x = 33 \end{array}

Question 8:
In Diagram below, A, B, C, D and E are vertices of a 9 sided regular polygon.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Exterior angle = \frac{360^{o}}{9} = 40^{o} \\ Interior angle = 180^{o} - 40^{o} = 140^{o} \\ Sum of interior angles of pentagon A B C D E \\ = (5 - 2) \times 180^{o} \\ = 540^{o} \\ x^{o} + 140^{o} + 140^{o} + 140^{o} + x^{o} = 540^{o} \\ 2 x^{o} = 540^{o} - 420^{o} \\ = 120^{o} \\ x^{o} = 60^{o} \\ x = 60 \end{array}

2.2.1 Polygons II, PT3 Practice

Posted on December 17, 2017 by user

2.2.1 Polygons II, PT3 Practice

Question 1:

Diagram below shows a pentagon PQRST. TPU and RSV are straight lines.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Sum of interior angles of a pentagon \\ = (5 - 2) \times 180^{o} \\ = 3 \times 180^{o} \\ = 540^{o} \\ ∠ T S R = 180^{o} - 70^{o} \\ = 110^{o} \\ ∠ T P Q = 180^{o} - 85^{o} \\ = 95^{o} \\ x^{o} = 540^{o} - (110^{o} + 105^{o} + 115^{o} + 95^{o}) \\ = 540^{o} - 425^{o} \\ = 115^{o} \\ x = 115 \end{array}

Question 2:

In Diagram below, PQRSTU is a hexagon. APQ and BTS are straight lines.

Find the value of x + y.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} ∠ Q P U = 180^{o} - 160^{o} = 20^{o} \\ Reflex ∠ P U T = 360^{o} - 80^{o} = 280^{o} \\ ∠ U T S = 180^{o} - 120^{o} = 60^{o} \\ ∠ T S R = 180^{o} - 35^{o} = 145^{o} \\ Sum of interior angles of a hexagon \\ = (6 - 2) \times 180^{o} \\ = 720^{o} \\ x^{o} + y^{o} + 145^{o} + 60^{o} + 280^{o} + 20^{o} = 720^{o} \\ x^{o} + y^{o} = 720^{o} - 505^{o} \\ = 215^{o} \\ x + y = 215 \end{array}

Question 3:

Diagram below shows a regular hexagon PQRSTU. PUV is a straight line.

Find the value of x + y.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Size of each interior angle of a regular hexagon \\ = \frac{(6 - 2) \times 180^{o}}{6} \\ = 120^{o} \\ x^{o} = \frac{180^{o} - 120^{o}}{2} = 30^{o} \\ y^{o} = 180^{o} - 120^{o} \\ = 60^{o} \\ x^{o} + y^{o} = 30^{o} + 60^{o} \\ = 90^{o} \\ x + y = 90 \end{array}

Question 4:

In the diagram below, KLMNP is a regular pentagon. LKS and MNQ are straight lines.

Find the value of x + y.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} Size of each interior angle of a regular pentagon \\ = \frac{(5 - 2) \times 180^{o}}{5} \\ = 108^{o} \\ ∠ P K S = ∠ P N Q = 180^{o} - 108^{o} = 72^{o} \\ Reflex angle ∠ K P N = 360^{o} - 108^{o} = 252^{o} \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} Sum of interior angles of a hexagon \\ = (6 - 2) \times 180^{o} \\ = 720^{o} \\ ∴ x^{o} + y^{o} + 72^{o} + 252^{o} + 72^{o} + 100^{o} = 720^{o} \\ x^{o} + y^{o} = 720^{o} - 496^{o} \\ = 224^{o} \\ x + y = 224 \end{array}

Question 5:

In Diagram below, PQR is an isosceles triangle and PRU is a straight line.

Find the value of x + y.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} x^{o} = 180^{o} - 20^{o} - 20^{o} = 140^{o} \\ ∠ P R S = 180^{o} - 110^{o} = 70^{o} \\ y^{o} + 85^{o} + 75^{o} + 70^{o} = 360^{o} \\ y^{o} + 230^{o} = 360^{o} \\ y^{o} = 130^{o} \\ x^{o} + y^{o} = 140^{o} + 130^{o} \\ = 270^{o} \\ x + y = 270 \end{array}

2.1 Polygons II

Posted on December 15, 2017 by user

2.1 Polygons II

2.1.1 Regular Polygons

1. A regular polygon is a polygon where

(a) all its sides are of equal length, and

(b) all its interior angles are of equal size.

2. The number of axis of symmetry of a regular polygon is equal to its number of sides.

Example:

2.1.2 Exterior and Interior Angles of Polygons

1. The exterior and interior angles at a vertex of a polygon is supplementary.

2. The sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon is $(n - 2) \times 180^{o}$

3. Each interior angle of a regular n-sided polygon is $\frac{(n - 2) \times 180^{o}}{n}$

4. The sum of all exterior angles of a polygon is 360^o.

5. Each exterior angle of a regular n-sided polygon is

\frac{360^{o}}{n}

SPM Form 4/Form 5 Biology Revision Notes

Posted on December 6, 2017 by user

Form 4 Biology

01 Introduction to Biology

02 Cell Structure

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Organisation

Unicellular Organism

Amoeba sp
Paramecium sp

Multicellular Organism

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Involvement of Systems in Maintaining an Optimal Internal Environment

The Uniqueness of the Cells

Objective Questions

Composition of the Cell (3 Questions)
Carbohydrate (6 Questions)
Proteins (5 Questions)
Lipids (3 Questions)
Enzymes 1 (4 Questions)
Enzymes 2 (4 Questions)

05 Meiosis and Mitosis

Mitosis
Meiosis
Appreciating the Movement of Chromosomes During Mitosis and Meiosis

Objective Questions

Mitosis 1 (6 Questions)
Mitosis 2 – (6 Questions)
Meiosis 1 – (6 Questions)
Meiosis 2 – (7 Questions)

06 Nutrition

The Types of Nutrition
The Concept of a Balanced Diet
Malnutrition
Food Digestion

The Process of Absorption and Assimilation of Digested Food

Functions of the Liver and Assimilation

The Formation of Faeces and Defecation
Evaluating Eating Habits
The Importance of a Healthy Digestive System
The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
Photosynthesis
The Mechanism of Photosynthesis
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Practising a Caring Attitude Towards Plants
The Technology Used in Food Production
Technological Development in Food Processing

Objective Questions

Balanced Diet (6 Questions)
Malnutrition (3 Questions)
Food Digestion (7 Questions)
Absorption and Assimilation of Digested Food (4 Questions)

07 Respiration

The Respiratory Process in Energy Production
The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanisms in Humans and Animals
The Concept of Gaseous Exchange Across the Respiratory Surfaces and the Transport of Gases in Human
The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration
The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System
Respiration in Plants

Objective Questions

The Respiratory Process in Energy Production (4 Questions)
Respiratory Mechanisms in Humans and Animals (7 Questions)
Gaseous Exchange in Humans (4 Questions)
The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration (4 Questions)
Respiration in Plants (4 Questions)

08 Dynamic Ecosystem

The Abiotic and Biotic Components of The Environment
The Processes of Colonisation and Succession in An Ecosystem
Population Ecology
The Concept of Biodiversity
The Impact of Microorganisms on Life
Appreciating Biodiversity

Objective Questions

The Abiotic and Biotic Components of the Environment (7 Questions)
The Process of Colonisation and Sucession in an Ecosystem (3 Questions)
Population Ecology (3 Questions)
Biodiversity (3 Questions)
The Impact of Microorganisms on Life (6 Questions)

09 Endangered Ecosystem

Human Activities that Endanger the Ecosystem
The Greenhouse Effect and Thinning of the Ozone Layer
The Importance of Proper Management of Development Activities and the Ecosystem

Objective Questions

Human Activities that Endanger the Ecosystem (7 Questions)
The Greenhouse Effect and Thinning of the Ozone Layer (6 Questions)
Proper Management of Development Activities and the Ecosystem (3 Questions)

Form 5 Biology

01 Transport

The Importance of Transport System in Multicellular Organisms
The Concept of Circulatory System

Regulation of Blood Pressure

Blood Clotting

The Lymphatic System

Formation of the Interstitial Fluid and Lymph
Structure of the Lymphatic System
Relationship between the Composition of Blood, Interstitial Fluid and Lymph
Relationship between the Lymphatic System and the Circulatory System

The Role of Circulatory System in Body Defence Mechanism

The Body's Defense Mechanism
Immunity and Immunisation
Types of Immunity
HIV and Body's Defense Mechanism

A Healthy Cardiovascular System
Transport of Substances in Plants

Distribution of Vascular System in Dicotyledon Plants
Vascular Tissue in Plant
Vascular System as a Continuous Tube System
Transport of Organic Substances in Plants
Transport of Water in Plants
The External Conditions that Affect the Rate of Transpiration

Objective Questions

The Circulatory System (7 Questions)
The Mechanism of Blood Clotting (3 Questions)
The Lymphatic System (4 Questions)
The Role of Circulatory System in Body Defense Mechanism (4 Questions)

02 Support and Locomotion

Support and Locomotion in Humans and Animals

The human skeleton

Appreciate a Healthy Musculoskeletal System
Support System in Plants

Objective Questions

Support and Locomotion in Humans and Animals 1 (6 Questions)
Support and Locomotion in Humans and Animals 2 (6 Questions)
Support System in Plants (4 Questions)

03 Coordination and Response

Response and Coordination
The Role of Human Nervous System
The Role of Hormones in Humans
Homeostasis in Humans

The human kidney
The formation of urine

Practising a Healthy Lifestyle
Plant Hormones

The role of auxins in the tropic movements in plants
Ethylene

Objective Questions

The Role of the Human Nervous System 1 (6 Questions)
The Role of the Human Nervous System 2 (6 Questions)
The Role of Hormones in Humans (7 Questions)
Homeostasis in Humans (7 Questions)

04 Reproduction and Growth

Gamete Formation
Role of Hormones in the Menstrual Cycle
Early Development of Zygote in Humans
Contribution of Science and Technology to Human Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Growth in Multicellular Organisms
Growth Curve
Primary and Secondary Growth in Plants

Objective Questions

Formation of Gamete (5 Questions)
Roles of Hormones in the Menstrual Cycle (5 Questions)

05 Inheritance

The Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendel's Experiment
Inheritance
Genes and Chromosomes

Objective Questions

Inheritance (10 Questions)

06 Variation

Variation in Organisms
Cause of Variation
Be Respectful Towards One Another Despite Variation

Objective Questions

Variation (9 Questions)

1.2.1 Angles and Lines II, PT3 Practice

Posted on December 3, 2017 by user

1.2.1 Angles and Lines II, PT3 Practice

Question 1:

In Diagram below, PQRS, ABQC and KRL are straight lines.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} ∠ K R B + ∠ A B R = 180^{o} \leftarrow Sum of interior angles \\ ∠ K R B + 105^{o} = 180^{o} \\ ∠ K R B = 180^{o} - 105^{o} \\ ∠ K R B = 75^{o} \\ ∠ B R Q = 40^{o} \leftarrow Corresponding angle \\ x^{o} = ∠ S R L = ∠ K R Q \leftarrow \begin{array}{l} Vertically \\ opposite angle \end{array} \\ x^{o} = 75^{o} + 40^{o} \\ = 115^{o} \\ x = 115 \end{array}

Question 2:

(a) In Diagram below, PQR and SQT are straight lines.

Find the value of x.

(b) In Diagram below, PQRS is a straight line. Find the value of x.

Solution:

(a)

\begin{array}{l} ∠ P Q T = ∠ R Q S \\ x^{o} + 90^{o} = 155^{o} \\ x^{o} = 155^{o} - 90^{o} \\ = 65^{o} \\ x = 65 \end{array}

(b)

\begin{array}{l} ∠ Q R T = 57^{o} \\ x^{o} + 2 x^{o} = 180^{o} - 57^{o} \\ 3 x^{o} = 123^{o} \\ x^{o} = \frac{123^{o}}{3} \\ x^{o} = 41^{o} \\ x = 41 \end{array}

Question 3:

In Diagram below, PQR is a straight line. Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} x^{o} = ∠ Q R T + ∠ T R S \\ ∠ Q R T = 40^{o} \\ ∠ T R S = 180^{o} - 135^{o} \\ = 45^{o} \\ Hence, x^{o} = 40^{o} + 45^{o} \\ x^{o} = 85^{o} \\ x = 85 \end{array}

Question 4:

In Diagram below, find the value of x.

Solution:

40^o + 80^o + x^o+ x^o = 180^o

2x^o = 180^o – 120^o

2x^o = 60^o

x^o= 30^o

x = 30

Question 5:

In Diagram below, PQR is an isosceles triangle and QRS is a straight line.

Find the values of x and y.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} ∠ P R Q = 180^{o} - 110^{o} = 70^{o} \\ ∠ P R Q = ∠ P Q R = 70^{o} \\ y^{o} = 180^{o} - 70^{o} - 70^{o} \\ = 40^{o} \\ y = 40 \\ x^{o} = 110^{o} - 40^{o} \\ = 70^{o} \\ x = 70 \end{array}

1.1 Angles and Lines II

Posted on December 1, 2017 by user

1.1 Angles and Lines II

Identifying Parallel, Transversals, Corresponding Angles, Alternate Angles and Interior Angles

(A) Parallel lines

Parallel lines are lines with the same direction. They remain the same distance apart and never meet.

(B) Transversal lines

A transversal is a straight line that intersects two or more straight lines.

(C) Alternate angles

(D) Corresponding angles

(E) Interior angles

PT3 Smart TIP

Alternate angles are easily identified by tracing out the pattern “Z” as shown.

Corresponding angles are easily identified by the pattern “F” as shown.

Interior angles are easily identified by the pattern “C” as shown.

Example 1:

In Diagram below,PQ is parallel to RS. Determine the value of y.

Solution:

Construct a line parallel to PQ and passing through W.

a = 40^o and b = 50^o← (Alternate angles)

y = a + b

= 40^o+ 50^o

= 90^o

Example 2:

In Diagram below, PSQ and STU are straight lines. Find the value of x.

Solution:

\begin{array}{l} ∠ W S Q = 180^{o} - 150^{o} \\ = 30^{o} \leftarrow Supplementary angle \\ ∠ X T U = ∠ W S Q + ∠ x \leftarrow Corresponding angle \\ 75^{o} = 30^{o} + ∠ x \\ ∠ x = 75^{o} - 30^{o} \\ ∠ x = 45^{o} \\ x = 45 \end{array}

13.2.3 Statistics (I), PT3 Focus Practice

Posted on November 23, 2017 by user

Question 7:
Diagram below is an incomplete pictograph showing the sales of books for a duration of five months.

(a) The sales in May is ¼ of the total sales in January and February.
Complete the pictograph in the Diagram.
(b) Find the total number of books sold before April.

Solution:
(a)

\begin{array}{l} Sales in May \\ = \frac{1}{4} \times 8 \\ = 2 \end{array}

(b)
Total number of books sold before April
= (5 + 3 + 6) × 15
= 14 × 15
= 210

Question 8:
Diagram below shows an incomplete line graph of the number of eggs sold in four weeks. The number of eggs sold on week 1 is 2000 and 4000 on week 4.

(a) Complete the line graph in the Diagram.
(b) Complete the pie chart in the second Diagram to represent sales from Week 1 to Week 4.

Solution:
(a)

(b)

\begin{array}{l} First week \\ = \frac{2000}{2000 + 1500 + 2500 + 4000} \times 360^{o} \\ = \frac{2000}{10000} \times 360^{o} \\ = 72^{o} \\ Fourth week \\ = \frac{4000}{10000} \times 360^{o} \\ = 144^{o} \end{array}

13.2.2 Statistics (I), PT3 Focus Practice

Posted on November 20, 2017 by user

13.2.2 Statistics (I), PT3 Focus Practice

Question 4:

Table below shows the profit made from the sales of coconut at a stall over five days.

Day	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5
Profit (RM)	280	200	200	360	320

On diagram in the answer space, draw a line graph to represent all the information in the Table. Use the scale 2 cm to RM80 on the vertical axis.

Answer:

Solution:

Question 5:

Table below shows the number of students who read four types of books.

Types of books	Fiction	Language	Technology	Religion
Number of students	18	16	8	14

On diagram in the answer space, draw a bar chart to represent all the information in the Table.

Answer:

Solution:

Question 6:
Diagram below is an incomplete bar chart which shows the number of cars sold in a shop for duration of five months.

(a) The number of cars sold for the five months is 150 units. The number of cars sold in February is equal to the number of cars sold in April.
Complete the bar chart in the Diagram.
(b) Find the percentage of cars sold in January.

Solution:
(a)
(b)

\begin{array}{l} Percentage of cars sold \\ = \frac{45}{150} \times 100 % \\ = 30 % \end{array}

4.7.6 Natural Polymers (Structured Questions)

Posted on November 18, 2017 by user

Question 1:
Diagram 1.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of vinegar and ammonium solution on latex.
Diagram 1.2 shows the result of the experiment after 30 minutes.

(a) Write down one observation from the result of this experiment. [1 mark]

(b) State one inference based on the observation in Diagram 1.1. [1 mark]

(c) State one constant variable in this experiment. [1 mark]

(d) State one hypothesis for this experiment. [1 mark]

(e) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for acid. [1 mark]

Answer:
(a) Vinegar causes the coagulation of latex but ammonia solution prevents the coagulation of latex.

(b) When vinegar (an acid) is mixed with latex, the latex coagulates.
When ammonia solution (an alkali) is mixed with latex, the latex does not coagulate.
(any one)

(c)
1. 10 cm³ of latex
2. Results of the experiment are observed after 30 minutes
(any one)

(d) Acid causes the coagulation of latex but alkali prevents the coagulation of latex.

(e) Acid is a substance which causes latex to coagulate.

13.2.1 Statistics (I), PT3 Focus Practice

Posted on November 17, 2017 by user

13.2.1 Statistics (I), PT3 Focus Practice

Question 1:

Diagram below is a pictograph showing the number of pizzas sold in three months.

The price of one pizza is RM18. The total sales for those four months are RM2250.

Calculate the number of pizzas sold in April.

Solution:

Total number of pizzas sold in four months

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{R M 2250}{R M 18} \\ = 125 \end{array}

Total number of pizzas sold in first three months

= 9 × 10

= 90

Number of pizzas sold in April

= 125 – 90

= 35

Question 2:

Diagram below is a bar chart showing the number of new houses sold over four days.

The total number of new houses sold on Wednesday and Thursday is 56.

Calculate the total number of new houses sold on Monday and Tuesday.

Solution:

Wednesday: 12 units

Thursday: 16 units

Number of houses represented by 1 unit

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{56}{12 + 16} \\ = 2 \end{array}

Monday: 14 units

Tuesday: 18 units

Total number of new houses sold on Monday and Tuesday

= (14 + 8) × 2

= 64

Question 3:

Table below shows the number of companies that gave contributions to an orphan fund over a period of five days.

Days	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday
Number of companies	8	14	m	17	11

It is given that 20% of the total contribution was made on Tuesday.

Calculate the value of m.

Solution:

Let C = Total contribution

\begin{array}{l} \frac{20}{100} \times C = 14 \\ C = 14 \times \frac{100}{20} \\ = 70 \\ m = 70 - (8 + 14 + 17 + 11) \\ = 70 - 50 \\ = 20 \end{array}

Form 4 Biology

01 Introduction to Biology

02 Cell Structure

Objective Questions

03 Movement across Plasma Membrane

Objective Questions

04 Chemical Composition of Cell Chemical

Objective Questions

05 Meiosis and Mitosis

Objective Questions

06 Nutrition

Objective Questions

07 Respiration

Objective Questions

08 Dynamic Ecosystem

Objective Questions

09 Endangered Ecosystem

Objective Questions

Form 5 Biology

01 Transport

Objective Questions

02 Support and Locomotion

Objective Questions

03 Coordination and Response

Objective Questions

04 Reproduction and Growth

Objective Questions

05 Inheritance

Objective Questions

Inheritance (10 Questions)

06 Variation

Objective Questions