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SPM Science 2018, Paper 2 (Question 3 & 4)

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Question 3:
Diagram 3 shows two types of hair which are curly and straight hair for 30 customers at a saloon.


Diagram 3

(a) Based on Diagram 3, complete Table 1. [2 marks]

Table 1

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(b) Based on Table 1, draw a bar chart to show the number of customers against the types of hair. [2 marks]


(c) Based on bar chart in 3(b), state the type of variation. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a)




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(b)



(c) Discontinuous variation




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Question 4:
Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show an experiment to study the effect of sunlight on white photographic paper coated with argentum chloride.



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(a) Based on Diagram 4.1, state the colour of the photographic paper after being exposed to sunlight. [1 mark]

(b) State one inference for your answer in 4(a). [1 mark]

(c) State the variables in this experiment. [2 marks]
(i) Manipulated variable
(ii) Responding variable

(d) State the operational definition for photographic paper. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a) Grey

(b) Photographic paper reacts to light

(c)(i) Presence of sunlight

(c)(ii) Colour change of photographic paper

(d) Photographic paper is a paper that turns grey when exposed to sunlight


SPM Biology 2018, Paper 2 (Question 1 & 2)

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Question 1:
Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of a plant cell.

Diagram 1.1 

(a) Name the structures C and D. [2 marks]

(b)(i) State the component which forms structure C. [1 mark]
(b)(ii) Draw and label the basic unit structure of the main component which is named in 1(b)(i). [2 marks]

(c) The cell in Diagram 1.1 is immersed in distilled water for an hour.
(i) Explain what will happen to the structure B. [3 marks]
(ii) Explain why the cell does not burst. [2 marks]
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(d) Diagram 1.2 shows two examples of tissues in plants. 

Diagram 1.2 

Based on Diagram 1.2, state a characteristic of each tissue.
(i) Meristematic tissue: 
(ii) Collenchyma tissue: [2 marks]

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Answer:
(a)
C : Chromosome / Chromatin
D : Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(b)(i)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

(b)(ii)


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(c)(i)
Structure B (vacuole) will swell or increase in size.
- The vacuole contains cell sap which is hypertonic (to distilled water).
- Water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis and fill the vacuole causing it to swell.

(c)(ii)
- Plant cells are surrounded by a strong and rigid cell wall.
- Cell wall is able to withstand the strong turgor / hydrostatic pressure that develops within the cell.

(d)(i)
- Small-sized cells
- Dense cytoplasm / lack of vacuoles
- Large nucleus / nucleus at various stage of division / mitosis
- Undifferentiated cell
(Any one of the characteristics)

(d)(ii)
- Cell wall is not uniformly thickened
- Corners of cell have thicker cell wall
(Any one of the characteristics)


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Question 2:
Diagram 2.1 shows the foods which contain carbohydrates.

Diagram 2.1 

(a)(i) Based on diagram 2.1, name the type of carbohydrates in rice and honey. [2 marks]
(a)(ii) Explain why diabetic patients are advised not to consume excessive amount of rice in their daily diet. [3 marks]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the formation of molecule R in milk.

Diagram 2.2

Based on the diagram 2.2, describe:
(i) the formation of molecule R. [2 marks]
(ii) the breakdown of molecule R. [2 marks]

(c) When sucrose solution is heated with Benedict’s solution, the blue solution remains unchanged.
Explain why Benedict’s test gives negative result on sucrose. [3 marks]

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Answer:
(a)(i)
Rice : Starch
Honey : Fructose / glucose / sucrose

(a)(ii)

  • When rice is completely digested, it produces glucose.
  • Diabetic patients lack / produce lower amount of insulin hormone.
  • They are unable to convert excessive glucose into glycogen, hence the higher concentration of glucose in blood.

(b)(i)

  • Molecule R is disaccharide.
  • It is formed when two molecules of monosaccharide are linked together by condensation reaction / with the loss of water molecule.

(b)(ii)

  • Molecule R is hydrolysed / digested by the addition of a water molecule by an enzyme.
  • To form its component monosaccharides / P and Q.

(c)

  • Sucrose is non-reducing sugar.
  • Sucrose unable to reduce the blue copper (II) ions / Cu2+ (aq) in Benedict’s solution.
  • Red copper (I) ions / Cu+ (aq) are not produced / formed.

SPM Science 2018, Paper 2 (Question 1 & 2)

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Question 1:
A student conducts an experiment to study the tensile strength of two types of substance. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show the results of the experiment.


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(a) Based on Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2, name the substance which has high tensile strength. [1 mark]

(b) State one manipulated variable for this experiment. [1 mark]

(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment. [1 mark]

(d) Carbon is a non-metal substance. Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for non-metal. [1 mark]

(e) Mark (\/) the substance which has the same characteristic as the substance in Diagram 1.1. [1 mark]



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Answer:
(a) Copper

(b) Types of substance

(c) Metal has high tensile strength compare to non-metal

(d) Non-metal is a substance that easily broken

(e)



SPM Science 2017, Paper 2 (Question 9)

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Question 9:
Diagram 9 shows the operational principle of a four-stroke diesel engine.

Diagram 9

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(a) Name the part K. [1 mark]

(b) Name the substance L. [1 mark]

(c) Which stroke shows that the diesel is injected into the cylinder? [1 mark]

(d) Mark (\/) in the boxes provided the characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine. [2 marks]


(e) In your opinion, why most taxis in Malaysia use natural gas as fuel? [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a) Fuel injector

(b) Air

(c) T – Power stroke

(d)



(e) Save cost


SPM Science 2017, Paper 2 (Question 7 & 8)

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Question 7:
Diagram 7.1 shows various use of synthetic rubber.

Diagram 7.1

(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, state the major use of synthetic rubber. [1 mark]

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(b) State two characteristics of synthetic rubber which is used to make shoe soles. [2 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows the formation of vulcanised rubber.

Diagram 7.2

(i) What is process R? [1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structure of vulcanised rubber in the space provided on Diagram 7.2. [1 mark]
(iii) State one function of sulphur in the formation of vulcanised rubber. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a) Tyre

(b)
1. Heat resistant
2. Hard
3. Water resistant
(Choose any two)

(c)(i) Vulcanisation

(c)(ii)



(c)(iii) To prevent rubber polymer from sliding with each other



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Question 8:
Diagram 8.1 shows word equation of the soap making process.

Diagram 8.1

(a) What is the name of the soap making process? [1 mark]

(b) Give one example of substance X. [1 mark]

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(c) Diagram 8.2 shows the structure of a soap molecule.
Name the part Y and Z in the boxes provided in Diagram 8.2 using the following words given. [2 marks]

Diagram 8.2

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(d) A student found that her clothes stained with dirt.
Arrange the following cleansing actions of soap in the correct sequence in the boxes provided. [2 marks]



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Answer:
(a) Saponification

(b) Palm oil

(c)
Y: Hydrophilic
Z: Hydrophobic

(d)



SPM Science 2017, Paper 2 (Question 5 & 6)

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Question 5:
Diagram 5.1 shows an experiment to study a fermentation process.

Diagram 5.1

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The word equation below represents the chemical reaction in Diagram 5.1.


(a) Based on the experiment,
(i) What is X?
(ii) State one characteristic of X. [2 marks]

(b) Mark (\/) on the element that can be found in X. [1 mark]



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(c) Name one substance which can be used to replace glucose solution in Diagram 5.1. [1 mark]

(d) What is the effect of excessive consumption of alcohol to organ S and T shown in Diagram 5.2? [2 marks]

Diagram 5.2

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Answer:
(a)(i)
Alcohol (Methanol/ Ethanol/ Butanol/ Pentanol/ Propanol)

(a)(ii)
Colourless/ Dissolves in water/ Flammable
(Choose one)

(b) Carbon

(c) Any fruit juice.

(d)(i)
Effect of excessive consumption of alcohol to organ S: Brain damage/ Imbalanced/ Blurred vision (Choose one)

(d)(ii)
Effect of excessive consumption of alcohol to organ T: Liver inflammation/ Scarring of liver/ Cirrhosis (Choose one)



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Question 6:
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show food labels found on two different brands of chilli sauce.

Diagram 6.1


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Diagram 6.2

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(a) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2,
(i) Which food label follows the Food Regulations 1985?
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in 6(a)(i). [2 marks]

(b)(i) Which substance is used as preservative in brand W chilli sauce?
(ii) State one function of the preservative in 6(b)(i). [2 marks]

(c) Both brands use artificial colouring in their product.
Do you agree with the use of artificial colouring in food?
Justify your answer. [2 marks]

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Answer:
(a)(i) Chilli sauce brand V

(a)(ii) Has expiry date.

(b)(i) Vinegar/ Sodium benzoate

(b)(ii) Prevent growth of bacteria

(c)
Agree
- Make food more attractive
Or
Disagree
- Cause cancer/ Damage kidney

SPM Science 2017, Paper 2 (Question 3 & 4)

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Question 3:
A student carried out a study to determine the effect of phosphorus on the growth of orchid plants. The student used aerophonic method, by spraying different fertilisers’ solution on orchid plant P and Q twice a week.
Diagram 3 shows the result after two months.

Diagram 3

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(a) Based on your observation, state one difference between orchid plant P and Q. [1 mark]

(b) In your opinion, what type of fertiliser is used on orchid plant P and Q? [2 marks]

(c) State one hypothesis for this study. [1 mark]

(d) Predict what will happen to the orchid plant P if the student replaced the fertiliser solution with tap water for three months. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a) Orchid plant P has more/ longer roots.

(b)
Orchid P: Fertilisers with phosphorus
Orchid Q: Fertilisers without phosphorus

(c) Orchid plants need phosphorus for healthy growth/ more or longer roots/ big flower.

(d) Orchid plant P growth stunted.

SPM Science 2017, Paper 2 (Question 1 & 2)

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Question 1:
Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the transmission of pressure in liquid by hydraulic system. A weight is added on the big piston’s syringe. The suitable weights are added on the small piston’s syringe until both pistons are at the same level. The weight added represents the force acting on both pistons.

Diagram 1

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The result of the experiment is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

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(a) Based on the result in Table 1, draw a graph to show the force acting on the small piston against the force acting on the big piston on the graph paper provided. [2 marks]



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(b) Based on the graph in 1(a), what is the force acting on the small piston if the force acting on the big piston is 8 N? [1 mark]

(c) What is the factor being fixed in this experiment? [1 mark]

(d) Name an appliance that uses the same principle as in Diagram 1. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a)


(b) 3.2 N (± 0.1)

(c) Volume of water

(d) Hydraulic brake / Hydraulic jack



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Question 2:
Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the effect of light on the growth of bacteria.
Diagram 2

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The condition of the nutrient broth in test tube P and Q is observed after three days.
The result of this experiment is recorded in Table 2.

Table 2

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(a) State one observation on the nutrient broth which has been kept in the black box for three days. [1 mark]

(b) State one inference for this experiment. [1 mark]

(c) State the variables in this experiment. [2 marks]
(i) Manipulated variable
(ii) Responding variable

(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition of bacteria. [1 mark]

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Answer:
(a) Condition of nutrient broth is cloudy.

(b) The bacteria grow actively in dark condition.

(c)(i) Presence of light

(c)(ii) Condition of nutrient broth

(d) Bacteria is a microorganism that caused the condition of nutrient broth turns cloudy.

Derived Quantities

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1.2.2 Derived Quantities

  1. A derived quantity is a Physics quantity that is not a base quantity. It is the quantities which derived from the base quantities through multiplying and/or dividing them.
  2. For example, speed is define as rate of change of distance, Mathematically, we write this as Speed = Distance/Time. Both distance and time are base quantities, whereas speed is a derived quantity as it is derived from distance and time through division. Example
    (Speed is derived from dividing distance by time.)
  3. Belows are the derived quantities that you need to know in SPM. You need to know the equation of all the quantities, so that you can derive their unit from the equation.
  4. If you find it difficult to memorise all these equation, you can skip it now because you are going to learn all of them in the other chapter. 

Base Quantities

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1.2.1 Base Quantities

Physical Quantity

  1. A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured.
  2. A physical quantity can be divided into base quantity and derived quantity.

Base Quantities

  1. Base quantities are the quantities that cannot be defined in term of other physical quantity.
  2. The base quantities and its units are as in the table below:
TIPS: In SPM, you MUST remember all 5 base quantities and its SI unit.